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Texas Criminal Court of Appeals Decision on Procedural Grounds Review in Federal Court

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Highest court in the U.S. state of Texas for civil appeals

Supreme Court of Texas
Seal of the Supreme Court of Texas.png

Seal of the Supreme Court
Established Feb 19, 1846[one]
Location Austin, Texas
Coordinates 30°16′33″North 97°44′28″W  /  30.27583°Due north 97.74111°Due west  / 30.27583; -97.74111 Coordinates: xxx°xvi′33″N 97°44′28″Due west  /  30.27583°N 97.74111°W  / xxx.27583; -97.74111
Composition method Ballot
Authorized past Constitution of Texas
Appeals to Supreme Courtroom of the United States
Judge term length vi years; renewable
Number of positions 9
Website Official website
Chief Justice
Currently Nathan Hecht
Since October 1, 2013
Jurist term ends December 31, 2026

The Supreme Court of Texas (SCOTX) is the court of terminal resort for ceremonious matters (including juvenile delinquency cases, which are categorized as civil under the Texas Family Code) in the U.S. country of Texas. A different courtroom, the Texas Courtroom of Criminal Appeals (CCA), is the court of concluding resort in criminal matters.

The Court has its seat at the Supreme Courtroom Building on the State Capitol grounds in Austin, Texas.[2]

The Texas Supreme Courtroom consists of a Chief Justice and viii associate justices. All ix positions are elected, with a term of function of six years and no term limit.

The Texas Supreme Court was established in 1846 to replace the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas. It meets in Downtown Austin, Texas in an office building near the Texas State Capitol.

Regulation of the exercise of law in Texas courts [edit]

By statute, the Texas Supreme Court has administrative control over the State Bar of Texas, an agency of the judiciary.[3] The Texas Supreme Court has the sole authorisation to license attorneys in Texas.[4] It too appoints the members of the Lath of Police force Examiners[five] which, under instructions of the Supreme Court, administers the Texas bar exam.[half-dozen] The Court has the last word in attorney disciplinary proceedings brought past the Commission for Lawyer Discipline, a committee of the State Bar of Texas, but rarely exercises discretionary review in such cases. The Supreme Court accepts fewer than 100 cases per year to be decided on the merits. In addition to its adjudicatory and administrative functions, the Supreme Court promulgates, and occasionally revises, courtroom rules of procedure, which include the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure (TRCP), the Texas Rules of Evidence (TRE), and the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure (TRAP).[1]

Unique procedural aspects [edit]

The Texas Supreme Court is the only state supreme court in the U.s.a. in which the manner in which it denies discretionary review can actually imply blessing or disapproval of the merits of the lower courtroom's decision and in turn may bear upon the geographic extent of the precedential effect of that conclusion. In March 1927, the Texas Legislature enacted a law directing the Texas Supreme Court to summarily refuse to hear applications for writs of error when it believed the Court of Appeals stance correctly stated the police.[7] Thus, since June 1927, over four,100 decisions of the Texas Courts of Appeals have go valid bounden precedent of the Texas Supreme Court itself because the high court refused applications for writ of error rather than denying them and thereby signaled that it approved of their holdings every bit the law of the country.[7]

While Texas's unique practice saved the land supreme court from having to hear relatively minor cases just to create uniform statewide precedents on those issues, it also makes for lengthy citations to the opinions of the Courts of Appeals, since the subsequent writ history of the instance must always be noted (e.grand., no writ, writ refused, writ denied, etc.) in order for the reader to determine at a glance whether the cited opinion is binding precedent only in the district of the Court of Appeals in which it was decided, or binding precedent for the entire state.[7] Citations to cases from the Houston-based Courts of Appeals are also longer than others because they require identification of the appellate commune number -- [1st Dist.] or [14th Dist.] -- in addition to the proper name of the city.

Structure of the court and membership [edit]

The Texas Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and eight acquaintance justices. All positions are elective. While the master has special administrative responsibilities, each member has one vote and may issue a dissenting or concurring opinion. Granted cases are assigned to justices' chambers for opinion authorship by draw. Grants require 4 votes. Judgments are rendered by majority vote. Per curiam opinions may be issued if at least six justices agree. Petitions for review are automatically denied afterwards 30 days unless at least one justice pulls them off the metaphorical conveyor chugalug.

To serve on the courtroom, a candidate must be at least 35 years of age, a citizen of Texas, licensed to practice law in Texas, and must accept expert police force (or accept been a lawyer and a judge of a courtroom of record together) for at least ten years.[eight] The Clerk of the Court, currently Blake A. Hawthorne, is appointed by the Justices and serves a four-year term, which is renewable.[9]

All members of the Texas Supreme Court typically vest to the same party because all are elected in statewide races, rather than by the electorates of smaller appellate districts, as the justices on the intermediate appellate courts are. Although in that location are fourteen such courts, the state is geographically divided into thirteen. Two appellate courts (the 1st and the 14th, sitting in Houston) serve coextensive districts covering ten counties, including Harris County. Recent proposals to reorganize the Texas appellate courts by consolidating districts, and to create a specialty court of appeals for authorities-entity cases, failed in the Texas legislature'south 2021 regular session.[10] [11]

Judicial selection: appointments and elections [edit]

Texas Supreme Court Building

All members of the court are elected to six-year terms in statewide partisan elections. Because their terms are staggered, only a subset of justices is up for re-election in any one election cycle. When a vacancy arises, the Governor of Texas appoints a replacement, subject to Senate confirmation, to serve out the unexpired term until December 31 afterwards the adjacent full general ballot. The initial term of tenure is therefore often less than six years. About of the electric current justices were originally appointed either by former Governor Rick Perry or by the current Governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, who is himself a sometime member of the SCOTX.

Like the judges on the Texas Courtroom of Criminal Appeals, all members of the Texas Supreme Court are currently Republicans.

The most recent appointees are Evan Young, Rebeca Huddle, Jane Bland, Jimmy Blacklock, and Brett Busby.

Prior public service of incumbents [edit]

Brett Busby and Jane Bland are former Court of Appeals justices from Houston, whose re-ballot bids failed in Nov 2018 when Democrats won all of the judicial races in that election. Blacklock previously served Governor Greg Abbott equally general counsel. Huddle was a justice on the First Courtroom of Appeals in Houston.[12]

Blacklock replaced Don Willett, who now sits on the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, the federal appellate court that hears appeals from federal commune courts in Texas. Busby succeeds Phil Johnson, who retired in 2018, and was sworn in on  March 20, 2019.[xiii] Jane Bland was appointed in September 2019 to fill up the vacancy left past Jeff Brownish, who resigned from the SCOTX to take appointment to a U.S. district courtroom demote.[14] Rebeca Huddle was appointed in October 2020 to supersede Paul Greenish, who retired from the Court on August 31, 2020.[12] [15] [sixteen] Eva Guzman, the second-most senior member of the Court at the fourth dimension, resigned on June 11, 2021. She is currently challenging Chaser Full general Ken Paxton in the GOP master for that office.[17] The vacancy created by Guzman'due south resignation was filled by Evan Young's appointment on Nov 10, 2021.

Position designations and seniority [edit]

The position of Chief Justice is designated Place 1 and is currently held by Nathan Hecht, the longest-serving member of the Court. He succeeded Wallace B. Jefferson, who is now a frequent abet before the high court on behalf of private clients, as are several other former members of the Court. The other eight position numbers have no special significance except for identification purposes on the ballot. Informally, justices are ranked by seniority, and their profiles appear on the Courtroom'southward website in that order.[xviii] Different their counterparts on the U.S. Supreme Courtroom, the official title of incumbents holding Place two through Place 9 is Justice, rather than Associate Justice. Their counterparts on the Court of Criminal Appeals, however, utilise the title Judge.

Women on the courtroom [edit]

Hortense Sparks Ward, who became the start woman to pass the Texas Bar Examination in 1910, was appointed Special Main Justice of an all-female Texas Supreme Court 15 years later. All of the courtroom's male justices recused themselves from Johnson five. Darr, a 1924 case involving the Woodmen of the Globe, and, since nearly every fellow member of the Texas Bar was a member of that fraternal organization, paying personal insurance premiums that varied with the claims decided against it, no male judges or attorneys could be found to hear the case.[19] After ten months of searching for suitable male replacements to determine the case, Governor Pat Neff decided on Jan one, 1925, to engage a special court equanimous of iii women. This court, consisting of Ward, Hattie Leah Henenberg, and Ruth Virginia Brazzil, met for five months and ultimately ruled in favor of Woodmen of the Globe.[xx]

On July 25, 1982, Cherry Kless Sondock became the courtroom's first regular female justice, when she was appointed to replace the Acquaintance Justice James One thousand. Denton who had died of a center attack. Sondock served the remainder of Denton'due south term, which ended on December 31, 1982, merely did not seek ballot to the Supreme Courtroom in her own right.[21] Rose Spector became the first woman elected to the court in 1992 and served until 1998 when she was defeated by Harriet O'Neill.[22]

Post-obit the recent divergence of Eva Guzman, the Texas Supreme Court currently has iii women members.[xviii] One of them served every bit a family court judge in Fort Worth (Lehrmann), the second (Banal) was a commune judge in the civil trial division of the Harris Canton district courts before she was appointed to the intermediate court of appeals, and the 3rd (Huddle) previously served on an intermediate courtroom of appeals in Houston.[12] As of September 2019, women jurists filled almost half of the lxxx intermediate appellate positions.[23] Some of the xiv intermediate courts of appeals accept female majorities. The Quaternary Courtroom of Appeals, based in San Antonio, is equanimous entirely of women.[24]

Justice Eva Guzman resigned from Place ix constructive Friday, June 11, 2021 at 3 PM afterward delivering a final dissenting opinion in the forenoon.[25] [26]

Current justices [edit]

Identify Justice Born Date service began Originally Term ends Appointing governor Party amalgamation Law school
Chief Justice Nathan Hecht (1949-08-fifteen) August 15, 1949 (age 72) January one, 1989 Elected[a] 2026 Rick Perry Republican Southern Methodist
2 Jimmy Blacklock (1980-08-28) August 28, 1980 (age 41) January two, 2018 Appointed[b] 2024 Greg Abbott Republican Yale
iii Debra Lehrmann (1956-11-16) November 16, 1956 (historic period 65) June 21, 2010 Appointed[c] 2022 Rick Perry Republican Texas
4 John P. Devine (1958-10-03) October three, 1958 (age 63) January 1, 2013 Elected 2024 Rick Perry Republican South Texas
5 Rebeca Huddle 1973/1974 (age 47–48)[27] Oct 30, 2020 Appointed 2022 Greg Abbott Republican Texas
half-dozen Jane Bland (1965-06-01) June 1, 1965 (age 56) September four, 2019 Appointed[b] 2026 Greg Abbott Republican Texas
7 Jeffrey South. Boyd (1961-12-02) December 2, 1961 (age sixty) December 3, 2012 Appointed[c] 2026 Rick Perry Republican Pepperdine
8 J. Brett Busby (1973-04-12) April 12, 1973 (age 49) Feb 21, 2019 Appointed[b] 2026 Greg Abbott Republican Columbia
ix Evan A. Young November 10, 2021 Appointed[b] 2022 Greg Abbott Republican Yale
  1. ^ Elected to Place vi in 1988; appointed Primary Justice by Gov. Rick Perry (R) in 2013
  2. ^ a b c d Appointed by Gov. Greg Abbott (R). After elected in their own right.
  3. ^ a b Appointed by Gov. Rick Perry (R). Later elected in their ain correct.

History of membership of the court [edit]

Succession of seats [edit]

Supreme Court committees [edit]

Judicial Committee on It (JCIT)

Created in 1997 JCIT was established to set standards and guidelines for the systematic implementation and integration of information technology into the trial and appellate courts in Texas.

JCIT approaches this mission by providing a forum for state-local, inter-branch, and public-individual collaboration, and evolution of policy recommendations for the Supreme Courtroom of Texas. Court technology, and the data it carries, are sprawling topics, and Texas is a various state with decentralized funding and controlling for trial court applied science. JCIT provides a forum for discussion of court technology and information projects. With this forum, JCIT reaches out to external partners such as the Conference of Urban Counties, the County Information Resource Agency, Texas.gov, and TIJIS (Texas Integrated Justice Information Systems), and advises or is consulted by the Function of Court Administration on a multifariousness of projects.

Three themes consistently recur in the JCIT conversation: expansion and governance of electronic filing; the development and proliferation of court instance management systems; and the evolution and governance of engineering science standards for reporting and sharing information across systems in ceremonious, family, juvenile, and criminal justice.

The Founding Chair of JCIT from 1997 to 2009 was Peter S. Vogel, a partner at Gardere Wynne Sewell LLP in Dallas, and since 2009 the JCIT Chair has been Justice Rebecca Simmons.

Texas Supreme Court judicial elections [edit]

2020 [edit]

Two members of the Court (Primary Justice Hecht and Justice Boyd) were upwardly for re-election in 2020, and two more (Busby and Bland) were on the ballot to seek voter approval to serve out the balance of their corresponding unexpired terms, post-obit their date to supreme court vacancies past Governor Abbott. Although there was some speculation most Texas turning bluish in the November 3, 2020 general elections, all GOP candidates in statewide races won, including the 4 Supreme Courtroom incumbents.[28]

2018 [edit]

While Republican incumbents suffered massive defeats in the Courts of Appeals on November 6, 2018, bringing about a switch of majorities from Republicans to Democrats in Dallas, Houston,[29] and Austin, the iii Republican incumbents on the Texas Supreme Courtroom who faced the unabridged Texas electorate in statewide races won comfortably.[30]

Incumbent John Devine prevailed over his opponent R.K. Sandill, a sitting district court gauge of Asian-American descent in Houston, with 53.75% of the vote and secured a second term. Justice Jeff Dark-brown vanquish off a challenge past Autonomous candidate Kathy Cheng (who different her young man Democratic challengers did non take comparable judicial feel) with the same vote margin. The high court'south most recent appointed member, Jimmy Blacklock, defeated Steven Kirkland, who similar Sandill serves as a district courtroom guess in Houston, with 53.17% of the vote. Neither Sandill nor Kirkland were up for reelection this year and are expected to remain on their respective district court benches.

Justice Blacklock faced the electorate for the get-go time, having recently been appointed. Blacklock was Governor Abbott'south replacement for Justice Don Willett, who ascended to the Fifth Circuit Courtroom of Appeals before his term on the Texas Supreme Courtroom had expired, thus creating a vacancy and an opportunity for the Governor to fill it with an already-vetted candidate of his ain.

All appellate court races were clearly driven past political party-line voting. That worked in favor of Republican incumbents at the statewide level as usual, but confronting Republican incumbents in the court of appeals, whose members are each elected from one of fourteen appellate districts. Some of those districts favored Democrats in the 2018 midterm elections, which entailed heavy Republican losses at the trial court level also.[31]

Nether the leadership of Governor Greg Abbott Texas Republicans have since moved to change the way Texas selects judges and justices in the major metropolitan jurisdictions.[32] [33] Their legislative initiative to meliorate the Texas constitution to forestall Democratic gains in third branch of regime was unsuccessful, but a committee was formed to look at alternative option methods.[34]

2016 [edit]

The half dozen-year terms of role of the members of the Texas Supreme Court are staggered. Three Republican incumbents—Dark-green, Guzman, and Lehrmann were up for reelection in 2016 and won easily, as was expected, given the statewide nature of their electoral constituency in a Red state. Debra Lehrmann had been challenged by Michael Massengale, and so a justice on the Beginning Court of Appeals in Houston, in the Republican master for not being bourgeois enough with respect to med-mal suits.[35] Massengale later on lost his re-election bid for the Starting time Courtroom of Appeals position to a Democrat, Richard Hightower, in the Democratic sweep of the intermediate courts of appeals in Nov 2018.

2014 [edit]

Texas is one of seven states that elects Supreme Courtroom justices on partisan ballots. 4 justices of the Texas Supreme Court faced re-election in 2014.[36] Three of the iv sitting Supreme Court Justices, Chief Justice Nathan Hecht, Justice Jeff Brown and Justice Phil Johnson, were required to defeat challengers in a March main before the full general election in November. The candidates challenging the incumbent Supreme Courtroom Justices, according to reports filed with the Texas Ethics Commission, were recruited for the ballot and funded past a Houston plaintiff lawyer and Ali Davari, owner of two strip clubs: Sexy Urban center and Erotic Zone.[37] [38]

Texas for Lawsuit Reform commented on the Texas election past proverb, "Plaintiff trial lawyers are making an unprecedented attempt to regain the command of the Supreme Courtroom that they enjoyed in the 1970s and 1980s, when Texas was known as 'The Lawsuit Capitol of the Earth.'" As well, an airing of Sixty Minutes entitled Justice for Sale gave a devastating critique of the Texas Supreme Courtroom.[39]

Houston plaintiff lawyer Marker Lanier, funded the majority of the entrada to remove the Texas Supreme Court and business organization groups. Funding was disclosed in an article titled "Plaintiff Trial Lawyers Attempt to Distort Part of Judges and Juries".[forty]

In the years preceding the Texas Judicial Election, Lanier had go a song critic of the Texas Supreme Court after the Supreme Court reversed his signature trial verdict against Merck & Co. on behalf of a widow whose hubby died later on taking Vioxx.[41] Later Lanier suffered a second loftier-profile loss of a Vioxx case, in which the Fourteenth Courtroom of Appeals in Houston concluded in MERCK & CO., INC. five. Ernst, a wrongful expiry case past a widow, that Lanier failed to show that the ingestion of Vioxx acquired the death of his client'due south spouse.[42] [43] Lanier's publicly criticized the Texas Supreme Courtroom stating that it employs "a simpleton approach that basically white washes the trial, ignores the evidence, and is very determination based".[43]

Lanier responded to the appellate setbacks in a press release:

Activist judges are protecting corporate executives and stripping away the rights of widows and every other victim of corporate misconduct…This decision was handed down by a grouping of judges who regularly take entrada contributions from law firms representing corporations that appear in their courts. We volition appeal this conclusion to the United states of america Supreme Court if necessary.[43]

All judicial challengers recruited and funded by the Texas plaintiff lawyers lost to the incumbent Texas Supreme Court justices who won the 2014 Texas election.[44]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "Supreme Court Building on Map of Texas Capitol Circuitous" (PDF). Texas Judiciary Website. Archived (PDF) from the original on March v, 2020. Retrieved Nov eighteen, 2019.
  3. ^ Tex. Gov't Lawmaking department 81.011.
  4. ^ Tex. Gov't Lawmaking sections 81.061 and 82.021
  5. ^ Tex. Gov't Code section 82.001
  6. ^ Tex. Gov't Code section 82.004.
  7. ^ a b c Steiner, Mark E. (February 1999). "Not Fade Abroad: The Continuing Relevance of 'Writ Refused' Opinions". The Appellate Advocate. 12: 3–6. Available via HeinOnline.
  8. ^ Tex. Const., Art. 5, Sec. 2.
  9. ^ "TJB | SC | Most the Court | Clerk'south Office". www.txcourts.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved Oct 30, 2020.
  10. ^ Oxner, Reese (April 14, 2021). "The Texas Senate has approved a new statewide appeals court. Critics debate it'south another attempt to limit Democrats' power". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved June fifteen, 2021.
  11. ^ Perez, Elida South.; April ix, El Paso Matters; 2021 (April 9, 2021). "Senator scraps controversial bill to reduce Texas appellate courts". El Paso Matters . Retrieved June 15, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b c "Governor Abbott Appoints Rebeca Huddle To The Texas Supreme Court". gov.texas.gov. Archived from the original on Oct 16, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  13. ^ Tribune, The Texas; Platoff, Emma (March 20, 2019). "Texas Senate confirms Brett Busby for Supreme Court mail service". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  14. ^ Platoff, Emma (August 26, 2019). "Gov. Greg Abbott selects erstwhile appeals courtroom judge Jane Bland for Texas Supreme Courtroom". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on October xi, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  15. ^ Oxner, Reese (July 22, 2020). "Timing of Supreme Court justice's retirement allows Gov. Greg. Abbott, not voters, to pick his 2-twelvemonth replacement". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  16. ^ Platoff, Emma (Oct 15, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott picks Rebeca Huddle for Texas Supreme Courtroom vacancy". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October xxx, 2020.
  17. ^ Svitek, Patrick (June 14, 2021). "Eva Guzman, former Texas Supreme Court justice, joins GOP primary challenge against Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved June fifteen, 2021.
  18. ^ a b "TJB | SC | Nearly the Court | Justices". world wide web.txcourts.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  19. ^ MAULDIN, COTTRELL, DEBBIE (June nine, 2010). "ALL-Adult female SUPREME COURT". www.tshaonline.org. Archived from the original on Jan 3, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  20. ^ "Hortense Sparks Ward (1875–1944)". Justices of Texas 1836–1986. Tarlton Law Library, The University of Texas at Austin. October sixteen, 2009. Archived from the original on July 7, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  21. ^ "Blood-red Kless Sondock (built-in 1926)". Justices of Texas 1836–1986. Tarlton Law Library, The University of Texas at Austin. October sixteen, 2009. Archived from the original on July vii, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  22. ^ Cruse, Don (Jan viii, 2008). "An Unusual History of Women Serving on the Texas Supreme Courtroom". The Supreme Court of Texas Blog. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  23. ^ Texas Function of Court Administration. "Contour of Appellate and Trial Judges - Sep. 1, 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March six, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  24. ^ Fourth Court of Appeals. "Near the Court: Justices". Retrieved June 15, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  25. ^ Pollock, Cassandra (June 7, 2021). "Texas Supreme Court Justice Eva Guzman resigns". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved June eight, 2021.
  26. ^ Supreme Court of Texas. "Orders pronounced June eleven, 2021". Retrieved June 15, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  27. ^ "Baker Bott'due south new partner-in-charge shares hiring and revenue strategy". world wide web.bizjournals.com. May 23, 2019. Retrieved Feb xvi, 2021.
  28. ^ Platoff, Emma (Nov four, 2020). "Democrats' hopes of flipping Texas again fall short equally Republicans dominate the state'south 2020 elections". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  29. ^ Rogers, Brian (Nov 8, 2018). "Republican judges swept out by voters in Harris County ballot". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on Dec 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  30. ^ "Texas Supreme Court elections, 2018". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on January iii, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  31. ^ Texas Secretary of State 2018 General Election - Unofficial Election Results every bit of 11/vii/2018 two:53 PM https://enrpages.sos.land.tx.us/public/nov06_331_state.htm?ten=0&y=9589&id=472 Archived November 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "Texas considers ending judicial elections every bit Democrats gain ground". Facing South. November half-dozen, 2019. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved Dec 23, 2019.
  33. ^ Platoff, Emma (July 15, 2019). "State leaders again want to review how Texas elects judges. Will they finish partisan judicial elections?". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved Dec 23, 2019.
  34. ^ "86(R) HB 3040 - Enrolled version - Neb Text". capitol.texas.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved Dec 23, 2019.
  35. ^ Rudner, Hashemite kingdom of jordan (February 9, 2016). "Iii Supreme Court Justices Face Challenges". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on October eight, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  36. ^ "Texas Supreme Court Elections 2014". Judgepedia. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  37. ^ Yates, David (January 27, 2014). "Lanier Police force Firm funding challengers in Texas Supreme Courtroom's GOP primary". Legal Newsline Legal Journal. Archived from the original on March half-dozen, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  38. ^ "Lawyer Greenbacks, Racial Profiling Shape Supreme Court Races Plaintiff Lawyers, Strip-Club Mogul Fund GOP'due south John Devine" (PDF). Texans For Public Justice. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  39. ^ Trabulsi Jr., Richard. "Re-Election of Texas Supreme Court Justices in 2014 Is Critically Important". Texans for Lawsuit Reform: Political Action Committee. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  40. ^ "Plaintiff Trial Lawyers Attempt to Distort Role of Judges and Juries". TLR: Texans for Lawsuit Reform. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved Oct 28, 2014.
  41. ^ Berenson, Alex (May 30, 2008). "Courts Decline Two Major Vioxx Verdicts". New York Times.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  42. ^ "Stance of May, 29, 2008 Withdrawn". www.search.txcourts.gov. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved May iv, 2018.
  43. ^ a b c Longstreth, Andrew (May 29, 2008). "Mark Lanier'southward Organized religion Tested: He Loses Ii Vioxx Appeals in 1 Day". The AM Constabulary Daily. Archived from the original on Oct 29, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  44. ^ Bachelder, Kate (February 26, 2014). "Stacking the Texas Supreme Courtroom". Parker Canton Blog. The Wall Street Periodical. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved Oct 28, 2014.

Farther reading [edit]

  • Haley, James L. The Texas Supreme Court: A Narrative History, 1836–1986 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013). xxviii, 322 pp.

External links [edit]

  • Official Website for the Texas Supreme Court

Texas Supreme Courtroom History: Links to Resources[one]

  • [ii]
  • The Texas Reports, the decisions of the Texas Supreme Courtroom from 1846 to 1885, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
  • "Judiciary" (by Paul Womack) from The Handbook of Texas Online (Texas Land Historical Association)
  • Texas Supreme Court Historical Lodge
  1. ^ "TJB - SC - Almost the Court - Courtroom History". www.txcourts.gov. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved May four, 2018.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas

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